Pulmonology, the branch of medicine focused on the respiratory system, encompasses the diagnosis and treatment of various diseases affecting the lungs and airways. Here’s an understanding of some common diseases treated in the pulmonology department of Deol Multispeciality Hospital:
Asthma: Asthma is a chronic condition characterized by inflammation and narrowing of the airways, leading to recurrent episodes of wheezing, coughing, chest tightness, and shortness of breath. Treatment typically involves bronchodilators to relax the airway muscles and corticosteroids to reduce inflammation.
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD): COPD refers to a group of progressive lung diseases, including chronic bronchitis and emphysema, characterized by airflow obstruction and breathing difficulties. Smoking is a primary cause. Treatment may involve bronchodilators, inhaled corticosteroids, oxygen therapy, and pulmonary rehabilitation.
Pneumonia: Pneumonia is an infection that inflames the air sacs in one or both lungs. It can be caused by bacteria, viruses, or fungi. Symptoms include cough, fever, chills, and difficulty breathing. Treatment depends on the cause and severity but often includes antibiotics, antiviral medications, and supportive care.
Lung Cancer: Lung cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths worldwide. It develops when abnormal cells in the lungs grow uncontrollably. Symptoms may include coughing, chest pain, hoarseness, weight loss, and difficulty breathing. Treatment options include surgery, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, targeted therapy, and immunotherapy.
Interstitial Lung Disease (ILD): ILD refers to a group of disorders that cause inflammation and scarring (fibrosis) of the lung tissue, leading to stiffness and reduced lung function. Causes include environmental factors, autoimmune diseases, and certain medications. Treatment depends on the specific type and severity but may involve corticosteroids, immunosuppressants, and oxygen therapy.
Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA): OSA is a sleep disorder characterized by repetitive pauses in breathing during sleep due to the collapse of the upper airway. Symptoms include loud snoring, daytime sleepiness, and difficulty concentrating. Treatment options include continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) therapy, oral appliances, lifestyle changes, and surgery.
